A cleft lip is a congenital condition characterized by an opening or gap in the upper lip that can extend up into the nose. This gap occurs when the tissue that forms the lip does not fully come together during fetal development, resulting in a visible split or separation. Cleft lip can range from a small notch in the lip to a large gap that affects the entire length of the lip and may involve the palate. This condition can be present alone or in conjunction with a cleft palate, which involves a similar gap in the roof of the mouth. The primary cause of cleft lip is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While the exact causes are not always clear, factors such as family history, maternal smoking, or certain medications taken during pregnancy may increase the risk of developing a cleft lip. Despite its impact on appearance and function, cleft lip can be effectively treated through surgical intervention. The main goals of cleft lip repair are to close the gap, improve facial appearance, and restore normal function of the lip and mouth. Surgery is typically performed in infancy, often within the first few months of life, and may involve multiple procedures as the child grows.
Potential complications of cleft lip repair include infection, bleeding, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. There is also a risk of scarring, which can affect facial aesthetics, and the possibility of needing additional surgeries or treatments to address functional issues or cosmetic concerns. Early intervention and comprehensive care can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals with cleft lip.
